A Brief Description about GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar)

GPR (ground penetrating radar) is an advanced imaging technology for exploring the subsurface of the earth. It uses electromagnetic wave propagation to generate images and identify the changes in the ground's magnetic and electrical properties. With GPR systems, you can find post tensioning and reinforcing in concrete, underground utility lines, conduct groundwater studies, and monitor the structural integrity of aeroplane runways. They may be used to detect land mines, survey the land for construction, and in forensic research, too.

Standard GPR equipment is composed of three parts: the control unit, power supply, and the antenna. It can run on a range of power supply types, such as small rechargeable batteries to normal 110/120-volt and vehicle batteries. Adapters and connectors can be used for every type of power source. The control unit houses the electronics, which supply the radar energy's pulse so the antenna can pick it up and deliver it to the ground. It contains a computer system and memory for data storage, too. You can retrieve the data after fieldwork for closer examination. Some devices come with software for an easier way to transfer or view data in a computer.

The antenna you use affects the results of the ground penetrating survey. When the antenna receives an electrical pulse from the control unit, it amplifies that and transmits it to the ground at a certain frequency. One of the crucial factors in defining the depth of penetration is antenna frequency, where the higher the frequency, the shallower it will penetrate into the ground. However high frequency antenna may see smaller subsurface elements. Selecting a GPR system requires balancing penetration depth and detail of the results.


Ground penetrating radar works by generating a tiny pulse of energy into the material then records the strength and the time it takes for the reflected signal to return. The series of pulses in a given area is what is known as a scan. Reflections occur when the energy pulse goes through the material with a different dielectric property, generally a change in material. The amplitude or strength of the reflection is determined by the dielectric constants' contrast and the conductivities of both materials. Specifically metal elements will return a strong signal.

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